Gas calorimeter



. To f1/l whom it may concern.'

' `rimeters and more particularly to a caloprovide for variationsn`pressa a citizen of. the United States' of America',

of a gas as ordinarily -the above patent, and "provides for a -con-Patented Feb. 9, 1926. 1,572,283

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

',ROHERT G- (ii-RISWOIJD, OF WESTFIELD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TODOHERTY--RE- SEARCH COMPANY, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPQRATION 0FDELAWARE.

GAS cALoRIMETEn; Application and July a, 1922. smal No. 572,554.-

Another object of the invention Vis to provide a process and apparatuslfor con-` tinuously indicatingr or recording the heat residing atWestfieldin thecotinty of Union, value of the gas sample passing throughState of New Jersey, have invented certain the apparatus which may beappliedv as. a` new and useful Improvements in Gas control in themanufacture of asuvhereby Calorimeters; and I the .composition ol thegas may `e regulated lle it known that I, RoBEu'nG. Gulswonn,

do hereby-declare the K following to be a full, clear, and exactdeduring its manufacture. e l ser' )tion of the invention, Such as willA further object ot' the inventionQisVto ena le others skilled in theart to which it provide a process and apparatus whereby appertains tomake and usethe Same.

corrections are automatically made in the".` he present inventionrelates to gas caloread'ngs corresponding to the heat value to] re andtem-. y65 perature ofthe gas under test, so that` the. 1, which thecalorific or heat reading 0f the indicating or recordingdeviee ustihlegas may be detercorrespondsto standard conditionsof tem-y pe-rature andpressure. l l, l Other objects 'of the inven'tion'areto;V in- 419 creasethe efficiency and to lessen thc time I'e-L quired mtesting'gas todetermine "thejlieat f, value thereof, and tot redueethe cost of`determinations-4 f WVith these'and otherobjects in view the .'15,-mvention consists in the features v,llicrein-.x y after claimed anddescribed vin connection with the accompanying drawing, in .whichz' yFig. 1` is a View in elevation of the conge rimeter which issubstantially automatic in operation,and by `valueof a comi) mined.

The detern'rination of the calorilie value carried out is a long whichrequires skill and extreme care in execution. In deterlininations withthe Junker type calorimeter as generally carried out, for instance, fourreadings are Asimultaneously made and as a rule -lwo operators arerequired for taking the readings during,` the determiinition, in orderto obtain substantially Simultaneous readings. The `alculation of theheat value of the gas from the large mass of data 4 which is obtainedduring the test is complex and requires a considerable amount 'of time.m p

Many attemptsv have-ineen made to simplify t le determination of theheat value or caloriticvahw of combustihleggas, to reducehoth the timeand,laborrequired for carrying out the determinations, and to Simplifythe calculation of the results.'I

(.)ne form oi'V apimratus which has proved successful forcennnercialtest-s is that disclosed in t'hefpatefn't to Laird, 1,354,568, granted(')ctoberl5Ll920. The present inrcutionis a modification of and animprovement on the ufiparzyltus discloaed in and tedious process form ofthe invent-ion, shown in Section, and matically illustrated. t Fig. 2 isa plan'view Shown inFig'. 1. ,-s' Figa-3 is an end view in elevation ofthe valve reversing mechanism for controlling 915i' the flow of vaterand gas throughathe` calorin'ietcr. l Fig. 4 is `a` detailed view of thevalves f90' controlling the flow of Water and `gasegto` and :from thedisplacing tanks; and

Fig. 5 represents a sectional View of a .valve'showing the position ofthe operatparts of parts are diagrarm of the calorimeter v The basis ofthe present method 'of determining the calorilic value of a'gas conf4siSts in continuously supplying y 4burned with a Suitable proportionloff air. in an absorption chamber' tlirou'ggjh'10Q4 which Water ispassed in heat transferring relation to the gases of combustion passingtherethrough. The gas, whichisfburned, is supplied Ato the burner bybeing displaced tinuous determination of the ealoriticvalue ot' a gas inaccordance with which thelnanu# facture of gaslnay be regulated. Y

'lhe primary' object: of .thegpresent inrcntion is to provide aproressandapparatus 4whclehv the heat value of a gas may he continuouslydetermined.

tinuons calorimeter embodying the preferred 8U `which are v ing leverswith respect to the valveports.',915v I y a gas which i chamber l from acontainer volume for volume with water which has been heated i tionchamber. The heat value of the gas is 'indicated or recorded by asuitable mechanism which is calibrated to indicate the difference intemperature of the calorimeter .inlet and outlet water inV terms ofBritish' thermal units.

Means are also provided in the apparatus for' correcting the readingsfor variations in volume and pressure of the as from standardconditions, and the reading which is thus indicated or recorded, is theheat value of the gas under standard conditions. The actual measurementof the caloritc value ofgas is made in the apparatus shown `in thedrawings in a heat absorption chainber 10 which has-substantially thesame form and structure as the'absorption chamber illustrated. anddescribed in the patent to Laird above. This absorption chamber consistsof a hollow U shaped tube in which the gaseous products of combustioncirculate, thel outer surface of the U `tube being surrounded by a waterjacket. The water for absorbing the heat of the gaseroductsofcombusti-on is su plied to the Jacket of th e absor tion cham r fromasource of supply 12 a ter a pressure re lator 14. he water supplychamber, 1s preferably providedxwith some thermostatic controllingmechanism by which the water-therein may be maintained at a temperatureof from five to ten degrees below the room temperature, dependingiuponthe caloric value of the gas. The best heat determinations may be madewhen .the water after bein heated in the absorption chamber yleaves4tiie water jacket at substantially' room temperature. Therefore, thetemperature f lthe water "in thc suppljy tank 112 wouldbe `about thenumber of egrees of temperature below thenormal room temperature; thatthe-temperature of the water ,would i be raised in passing through thewater :jacket surrounding the absorption chamber.' The water from thesuplply tank 12- passes to the pressure regu ator '14 through a'tubel,and the water from the pressure regulator -lows through a pipe 18 to anlinlet pipe 20 connected to an inlet leg 21 .of the Water jacket of theabsorption 0.v `The water entering the absorption chamber through theinlet pipe 20 passes upwardly through the jacket sur rounding thc inletleg '21 and then lows downvardly through a 'acket surrounding an ongletleg 22 of the a'sorptiou chamber, leaving .thc bottom of the outlet legthrough .an outlet pi e 23, and passing.- thence through a tu je4 24 toa displacement or measuring` tank. Y Thermometer 5wells 26 and 28 areposit ioncd respectively in .the inlet and outletpipesQO and 23, l*inwhich may. be placed mercurial thermometers .3()

n the absorpf Aoutlet flue 36 assing through tube 24 is connected vand32 and electri c resistance thermometers readings ot' inlet and outletthermometers is the measurement of the heating valueot the gas beingtested.

The gas,` the heat. value 'of which is to be determined, is supplied toand burned in a burner 35,`similar to the ordinary Bunsen burner, whichis positioned within the vhollow leg 22 of the'absorption chamber '10,combustion within thea The products of combustion pass upwardly throughthe absorption chamber leg 22 and then downwardly through the leg 21 andApass out of the absorption chamber throu 'h an outlet flue 36 to theatmosphere. T e

has a thermometer 38 therein for measurinvr the temperatureof theexhaust gases, an a' shutterma be provided to control the circulationofy the `exhaust gases so as toca use them .to exhaust at a Atemperatureapproximately the saine as the `room temperature.

With this construction it willbe 'seen .that

ucts'of combustion of gas Icirculate theprod the absorption chamber infapath through so as.- to discharge the products of sorption chamber.

counter current to the path of circulation of the water 'lation totassilng in heat'int'erchanging ree products of combustion, while Inorder to-.make an accurate determination of the heat value ofthe gaswith the calorimeter of the i necessary thatthe volume of should beequal to onbear'a tional relation to the volume of water circulatingthrough the water jacket. ingly, the witterwl water jacketlowsinto a gasdisplacement tank to displace gas in the tank and force it from theitankto the burner in the heat absorption hamber.- yTo this end the waterwith a -Y lO-'by which the tube may be con present invent'ion, it is-`gas being@ burned ,within ther` absorption chamber.

definite, propor,r

in the water j acket` of th'e` absorption chamber.y

Accordlich -passes through the` 3io nected with fa flexible' tube 41 anda flexibleftiibe'42. The tubesI 41 and 42 are connected respectivelywith valves 44 and 46, mounted in a valve operate ing mechanism 48, andvalves 44 and 46 are iis' .in turnv connected with' flexible tubes 50and A 52 which lead to pipes 54 and 56. lThe pipes 454 and 56are'fixedim covers o r stop ra 58 and 60 which are mounted respectively1n the necks of displacement tanks or bottles 62 and 64. The pipes 54and 56 extend fromvl the-Stoppers 58 and 60 to the bottom of the.

ing through y sev pipesfisl admitted tothe bottom of the` isplacementtanks. Twordis-` placement tanks are used to insure a con;- tinuousoperation of :the calorimeter and when water 1s ingforced into one .tankyto .displacement tanks, so that the ivvaterpass-y t rough which thewaterinny -1ng through the valves y tank 62, the

tank by gus which is. te be 'later tested in the calorimeter.berief-ore, when the water is owinfrinto the displacement tank 62, thevalve 1mdin like manner the valve 46 willbe Opera displacement tank'it.-l odrain the dispiacenientt'anks 62. and

1 so that they may receive e freshcharge and at tlle'bottoms ofthe tanks)ass to flexible -tubes and 72. tubes 0 and 72 are connectedrespectively with valves 74 and 76 4in the vulve operating mechanism 4,see-Figs. 2 and 4. The waste water pass- 74 and '76 flows and 78 to anysuitof gasto be analyzed, suitable outlets 66 .are mounted throughflexible tubes 77 ab e waste receptacle.

- en the water chamber .is passing into the displacement gas therein isforced out through a pipe`80, thence through e iexible tube 82 to avalve 84 mounted in the valve-operating mechanism 48. An outletconnection on the valve 84 is connected by means of u flexible tnbe'86with n Y S8, the Y in turn being connected by meens'ot a tube 9U to anipple in a pressure-texnperature correcting,r device or tank 92. Fromthe tank 92the gas passes through a vflexible tube 94 to the burner 5.When the water fromthe absorption chamber is passing into theqdisplacement tank 64 the gas therein' is forced outthrougzh from theabsorption by means of a flexible tube with the Y 88 and thereforethegas passing through the tube -100 flows through the tube '90 to thelressurc-temperature correcting tankY 92, thence through the tube 94 to4the un'ner 35, it being understood that when gas is flowing throughtheltube 86 the valve 98 is closed, and when the gas is llowing through thetube 100 the valvefSl; is closed.' l The gas to be tested forits'ealoritic vaille is continuously suppliedto one or the/other of thedisplacement tanks 62 .or 64 and n'hilc .l ie gus is flowingr into onelof the displacement tanks the water in the tank is heine wilhdraunithrough 4its bottom outlet. "l f t" when the gas beinelr supplicdto thccalorimeter burner has been exhausted' from one of the dnsplacementtanks` the valve controlling the flow ol gras from this tank to thcburner iS quickl'i closed io cul olfllie gas flou'. and Ihe valvecontrolling the lion of' gas to this displacement tank from the sourceof supply is open to permit gas tol liow into tiis displacement tank. Atthc same time the valve controlling the flow ol gas ...fron'1 .oi' 4iscpeu and the valve 46 i sclose d,."th

ously with the shitting.r of the valve forconand the vulve 44 closedwhen eaterieoul tr yiniginto the i .supply y Aplacement chambers, thWinter Afrom the absorption chamberto the 'the displacement tanks,

ia table 118. each of the the otherilisplacement tank lo the bunuel'- isopened` und the valve controlling.;r

lves for controlto and from thetlisf operaled. i: of g'as from thesource lingr theflow of water placement tanks are he How trulledsubstantially as folloujs: (his from the sourceof supply is .conductedthrough a pipe 102to uvY l104 andt ic -is connected by tiexible'tubes1.06 und 108 respectively to valves 112 and lll). Valvcsllll und 112 arealso connected res eetively with flexible tubes 1.14 and 116, -wiich inturn arcconnected with pipes similar to the pipes il() and 95. securedto the covers or stoppers 58 and 60, see F ig. 2. Vith the positionshown in Fig. 1 tl opened to allow P ie valve 112 is acexnent tank 62 lAt this tilnegthe gas from the Ip' 102 flows through the tube 112,thence through the tube 116 to the displacement tank 6 2. At the timethel displacement tank ,62 is filled withgasthe valve 112 will be closedand thevalve 110 opened to cause gas to flow through the tubes 108,displacement valve 110, und tank 64. y

The continuous flow of gas to the eter a sorption chamber, thecontinuous of gli 'or the other of the dise continuous flour of tube 114to calorimdlsplacement, tanks, und th movul of `water from' e continuousreis necessary in order to me e alcontinuous detcrmimltion of thecalorilic value .ofthe gas. 'lo maintain a continuous tiow'of. tieapparatus,

ment cluunher the other displacement chamlwris ruisml to an elevatedposition. and al the saine lime all of lo dirrrtlllc liow of the "arlousgas and walcr streams. ank elevating and depressing mecha-- particularlyin Figs. l. 62 is mounted upon a tank 6l is mounted upl tanks being`held in by means of a series of set screws 119 which are threaded into`lugs 120 secured The tank table 11T and the parts in the' gas to flowinto the dis' on'e or the other of lil) - of supply y tothe displacementtunksis effected uml con les.A

ft i A 1,572,2sa

' to the tables. The tables'117 and118 are .secured to the upperend ofrods 121 which are slidably mounted in'brackets 122 formed integrally4with and'projecting upwardly 5 from the buse of the .valveoperuting'mecha# -nism 48. The lower ends of the rods 121 are fixed inblocks 124 which have stop iingers 126 formed' on their front ends, seeFig. 1. .When the displacement tanks and tables are moved upwardlyy thesto fingers l move simultaneously therewithanc'lJ are arranged to engageinclined4 faces 128 formed on 'the lower ends of pressure` latches 130which are ivoted to arms 132 projecting lloutwardly rom the .brackets122.

time the stopngers move entirely across the inclined faces 128 4theIlowerends of the' latches are moved-toward the stopA fingers to bringthe stopfaces 134 on 4the latches under ,20 the stop fingers 126'. Thellocking movement of the latches.130is' caused by springs 136 which aremounted on bolts 138 secured in the bracketsr 122'y between the upperendof the latch and nuts 140 threaded upon the bolts ,138. Wh

asthe tankf64 shownpin Iig.l 1 is being filled with we ,ter` from` theabsorption chamber. while. in elevatedpositiori,- the tank will hev heldin elevated .position .untiltha pressure of the tank, due to theaddediweight otathe water therein Abecomes sufiiciently great to forcethe lockinglatch- 130 outwardly 'to f release the locking face 134 fromthe stop finger 126. When the latch lis released from the stop fingerthe filled displacement-tank will move rapidly down to a depressedposi-l tion, and due to an'interconnection between the tables ofthedisplacementtanks the other tank will be moved into' an elevatedposition. 40: At thei-time the tank .64, for example, be comes filledwith water, thefwater, 1s practically all withdrawn fromthe tank 62, so

- that the tank 64is lheavy-and possesses a large amount of potentialnergy, while the tank 62 is comparatively ight. Therefore,

when the tank 64 isreleas d it, will quickly move into dep the tank62 inelevated'pos tion or sufficient,

' ly high so that the locking atch 130 will en- 5 gage the stop finger126 t hold the tank in elevated position. i The aut :natie depressionofi a filled displacement-t nk may be 4coutrolled by Iadjustingthesprings 1.36 'with nuts 140.- "To secure simultaneous.movement of thedisplacement tanks, bell cranks 142 are-mounted at opposite sides of thebrackets 122 and lockedto pivot rods 144, extending-throughthe brackets.The upper -arms of the bell cranks 142 at each sido of 4 brackets 122are connected together by means 0f links 146. he lower arms of the frontbell cranks 142, See Fig. 1, are provided with slots 148l which arearranged to receive pins 150 mounted in the frontv ends of the blocks124.

At the of each of the valves, this stem bein en. a displacement tanksuch 1 the valvevseat in the blocks.

pivotally connecte the displacement tanks to waste, the valves 7o 84 and98 for controlling the flow of gas `from the displacement tanks tothegas burner, and the valves 110 and 112 for control-l ling the fiow ,ofgas from the source of supply to the displacement tanks, all consist 76of tapered lug valves which are rotatablymounted in locks 152 positionedat opposite sides of the base of the valve reversing mechanism 48, seeFigs. 2, 3, 4 and 5. A stem I54projectsl outwardly from the front' end80- streams of water an gas. A threaded shank 156 projects outwardlyfrom the rear 85 end of each kof the valves, and compression springs 158are mounted between the block" the valve is firmly heldin' position uponhaving'al right angle turn is formed in each of the valves, and anopening 164 is formed in the block 152 above each ofthe valve seats. Athreaded nipple 166 is mounted in each of the openings 164 and toreceive the flexible tubes which are used or conducting the variousstreams of gas andwga r used in making the calorifc deter` mi ns oftheas. f

'In the present invention the movement of 10 the displacement tanks fromelevated to depress valve mechanism 48. Tothis end arms 168 1 aresecured to the stems 154 of eachof the valves and the up r ends ofthearms are de to rods 170. Pins 172 project outwardly from the left handends of the rods 170, see Fig. 2, in a position to.V be received inslots 174v ormed in arms 176 By this construction the l( )scillatorymovement of the links 146 at `the time the displacement tanks areelevated and depressed will act to ,oscillate the valves to -open orclose the communication throuli theln. "x15,

rtu ingis i..

lFlexible tubing such as rnb preferably used fopconnections between thepipes iu the displacement tanks 'and the valve operating mechanism. Inorder to prevent )thc rubber tube from becolning'kiuked or 12 .damagedduring the movement ofthe displacement tanks and the `operation of the-valves, a bracket 176 is positioned behind the valve operatingVmechanism and' has nn arm 178 at its uppeiend whic is provided 125 withclamps for separately hol ing "each of the various tubes passing to theupper endv of the displacement tanks. j- T e displacement tanks 62 and64 shown in the `drawings are -preferablylarge size 13 Anl opening 1629o 1s arranged 95 positions is used for operating'the i gas 'and water.

This` device consists ot a chamber havinf.r ay

bulb 180 therein, which has a stem 182; the lower open end of which isimmersed in mercury. lnthe bulb is a definite volume of gas saturated'with water, which will be cornpressed or expanded to a ,greater or lessextent, depending on the pressure and temperature of the gas flowingthrough the chamber external to the bulb. The temperature of the gasinside of the bulb will acquire the temperature of the gas outside otthe bulb to cause the gas to expand or contract and the pressure in thebulb will be' coordinated with 'the pressure exerted on the mercury bytliegas outsideoi the bulb to maintain the mercury in the stem in theproper .position for making the pressure temperattire correction. Aresistance wire 184 is scaledginto the bulb at the top portion 'there-A0f andpasses vertically through the bulb extending into the mercury atthe lower part of the chamber. The upper portion of the wire isconnected to an insulated terminal 186 as showninlig. 1 of the drawings.A second'terminal 188,01: the apparatus is attachedtoI the chamber at apoint below the level of. tthe mercury at the bottom of the chamber,a'iidforms a"circuit between the terminal '186 through the resistancewire 184 and from? thence throua'h the mei'curv te the terminal 1.88.The'resistance of the wire 184 varies with the length nnimmersed in themerciiryf;y and therefore with the varia ti'onfot 'the height of mercuryin the open end ofthe bulb stem, a greater or less rcsistaiice isproduced in the circuit. The resistance'wire`184 is connected with onearm of a Wheatston'e bridge ot an indicating: and

.recording'instrument190 having: a battery 192.;v The terminals 186 and188 are connected'withthe Viheatstone bridge through "aresistancebox`194, the resistance of which may be varied as desired toattain a proper adjustmentlor zero reading' of the apparatus.

'A thermometer .189 and a pressure gauge or manometer 191 are attachedto the chamber 9 2 and serve to indicate the temperature and pressure'of the ,gas passing` to the burner.

` The Wheatslone bridge measuring mechanism for indicatingr andrecording the temfperature differential of the inlet and outlet water ofthecalorimeter absorption cham, ber Acontains known resistances 195 and196 adjustment' of the resistaxces having a constant ratio in two armsof the bridge. The resistances of the resistancev thermometers and 34are unknown and variable and are arms of the bridge. thermometerssorption chamber inlet and outlet water temperatures, variable.

T he.' resistances of the ances Y195 34. By adjusting a connectionrtermiual 202 on the resistance 200 so that there isno flow of currentbetween the points 204 and .206 in the bridge as shown in the drawing,-

it is apparent thatv the ratio of the resistance 195 to resistance 196will be eoual to sistance of the part X of .the resistance 200 and theirratio therefore is The battery 192 is connected trom a -point 198 irrthe bridge between the resist and 196 to a point on a knowniresistancefQOO between the resistances 33 andplaced in the tworemiiiningr 33 and 34 depend on the ab` the ratio of the resistance 33plustherei to the resistance. 34 plus the resistance of 200 minus therecording and resistance of the part X. The' indicating' device, whichmay be calibrated to read directly in terms of the'. so as to" heatvalue qf the gas is connected I cooperate with the movable terminal202.y The movement ofthe terminal 202 .is in turn.A

regulated' and dependent `upon the move-`` ment of a galvnnometer 208..i The terminals 186 and 188 of the pressure-4 gas passing throughthechamber `122 effects the resistanceof the 'bridge arm between the points210 and 212 and acts to correct the deflection'l of the terminal 202 to.give Vindications and make-records.corrected for standard conditions oftemperature and pressure. As a matter of convenience the resistanceenables a rapid and accurate adjustment in the slide wire resistance, byinsertinr ii.

shunted wire which together with the s 1de j wire resistance willzivetlie desired total resistance." A shunted resistance is also emplayed at the point 206 so as to facilitate for the zero readings of theinstrument. i The means by which the difference in temperature isindicated and recorded-in the present case forms no part of theappl-icants invention and is not therefore described in detail. andcontinuous recording i of vtemperature differences may he effected areset forth in Means by which the measurement Technological Paper No. ofthe Bureau of Standards on Pyrometric Practice, (see page 159) and inthe patent to Leeds No. 965,824, of July 26, 1910.

liu 200 is a shunted resistance, which 'Y In order to maintain a uniformpressure of gas flowing to the burner so that the burner will notflicker or go out during a,

the bag 214 so that as thcgpressure on the.

chamber drops theweight will force gas out of the container into thechamber, and thus keep upa substantially constant gas pres-v sure in thechamber 92 and a steady flow of gas vto the burner during the period ofreil versal of the valves of the apparatus.`

It may be desirable in operating 4with .gases having a low lieatvalue topass a smaller proportion of water through the 'chamber 10 than isemployed to displace gas lfrom the displacing tanks .62 an'd 64 to beburned iii the burner 24:" A proportional amount .of'water may be passedthrough the apparatus 10, say an amount corresponding to oneof gaspassing to the burner. This may be accomplished'for instance byby-passing one-half or three-fourths of the Water passing through thepipe 20 through a branch pipe 218 havingasuitable proportioning device220 therein.- By. thus modifying the operation ofthe device aproportionately greater temperature ditte-rence between the resistancethermometers 33 and 34,'and a proportionately greater accuracy will beattained.

While the apparatus and process which have been described constitute thepreferred form of `the invention, various modifications in theapparat'us'and mode of operation may be made without departing from thespirit or scope of the invention, and I do not desire, therefore, 'to'be limited to the form of invention as disclosed, I may, for example,Vemploy a'fluid other than water for the absorption of Xthe heat ofcombustion of the gas being burned in making heat value determinations.Glycerine, alcohol, or

mixtures of liquids havin the proper heat capacity mayv be employeFurthermore, the apparatus instead of being Aou for t ie purpose.

operated as a continuously acting calorimeter, may be used for Amakingsin le determinations by'employing either t e resistance thermometersl33, '34 or by using the mercurial thermometers 30 and 32 together withone of the displacement tanks. The merciirial thermometers may also beemployed conveniently as a check upon the resistance thermometers, andin this Way facilitate the checking of tlieaccuracy of the apparatus.

Having thus described the inventiomwhat is'claimed as new is:

1. A method of non-intermittently deter'- mining the caloritic value ofa .gas which comprises burning the gas in heat interl displacing ing tothe actual Tamazes changing` relation with Aa volume of waterproportionate to the `volume of gas burned, continuously feeding the gasto be burned by the gas from a' container with the water being heated,andregistering the rise in temperature of the water due to thecombustion of the said'gas in units corresponding to the heat valueofthe gas.

2. A method of non-intermittently determining the calorific value-0f avgas which comprises burning the gasin heat inter- 'changing .relationwith a, volume of water proportionate to the volume of gas burned,continuously feeding'the gas to be burned byvdisplacin'g the gasfrom acontainer with the 'water being heated, registering the rise iiitemperature of the water due to the combustion of the said gas in unitscorrespondheat value of the gas as reducedito standard'conditions oftemperature and pressure. j

3'. A method. 'of non-intermittently determining the .'caloric value. ofa gas which comprises burning the-gas. in heat interchanging" relationwith water, vfeeding the said gas to be burned continuously bydi'splacing the same in a. container volume'forvolume with the saidwater sub uent to the said heat interchange, and reco'r ing thetemperaturerise in terms of the calorific value of the gas. y

4. A Imethod for determining the calorifc value .of a as comprisingcontinuously burning gas in heat transferringe relationship 'with water,using the water ing heat-y 100 ed to supply an 4e ual volume-of gas tobe burned, continuous y indicatingthe rise in temperature of the lwaterdue to the burning of the gas, and modifying said indication inaccordance with temperature and pressure' of 105 .reduced to standardvolume pressure eonditions.

value of gas comprising burning as, passing Water intoheat transferringre ation with: said gas/ in a direction counter-current 'to that of theproducts of combustion ofthe gas, regulating the flow of the said waterto absorb the heat liberated bythe 'combustion of an e ual volume ofgas', continuously indicating ille rise in temperature ofwths said waterdue to the combustion "'o the said gas, the temperature xi-se beingcorrect u@ 6. A method-of determining the calorific .120

.bastion of the gas. recording by ed 'by means in the path of the saidgas to allow for temperature and pressure comlitions ot' the said ,grasbefore combustion.

T. A met hod ot' determining the caloritic IValue otlgras whichcomprises burning the gas in heat-intcrchauging relation with an equalvolume ot' water passed in a direction countercurrent'to that of'products ot comautomatic change In temperature ot' the said through thesaid heat interchange,` the i standard cont compensatin#r means in thepath ot.' the said gas. l

H. A gas calorimeter having in combination a heat absorption chamber, agas burner in said chamber, means` `l'or continuously supplying-gas tosaid burner, means for continuously and automatically conducting waterthrough said chaniber, means for automatically indicating the change intempcrature of the said in passing,y through the said chamber, meansconnected to the automatic temperature indicatinfr means forautomatically correcting changes in tcmpcratureand pressure ot' the saidgas to obtainindications under standnicans the water ard condltioru` oftemperature and pressure.

9. A 1gascalorimeter having m combination a heat` absorption chamber,meanstor burning gas .in said chamber, automatically andnon-intermittently sup-A plying gas to said burning;r fornon-intermittcntly andautomatically passing` waterthrough tbe saidchamber in amounts e ual in volume to thevolume of ,',ras being' urned,and means for automat icallv indicating.;r the lchange in temperatureot' tie said water in passingthrough the said chamber.

ttl. A gas calorimeter having in combination a heat absorption chamber,means for autoniatically am contiuuously.,l passimr water through thesaid chainbexgfmeans for burningr gas in heat transferring relation withwater in the said chamber in amounts corresponding in volume ,to thevolume of water passed through the said chamber, means for automaticallyindicating thc said water, and

change in temperature ofthe nieans for automatically correctimc,r theindicating means in :urcordance with the tem` peraturc and pressure ot'gras supplied to said burningr means.I

l. `gas calorimeter having in combinalion a heat absorption chamber,

the said gf lwater from the said therein,

means to conduct the gas displaced from the i recept-tetes for tion a.heat absorption chamber` means :forv l transferring relation to the saidchamber, means forsupplyingwatcr to'the said chamber to absorb the heatevolved by the burning ot' the said gas, two 75 receptacles t'or holdingalternately a quantity o gas. means t'or passing water from the 'saidchamberattermitelyto each of the receptacles to displace zas therein.means to to the burner m the alternately replacing `Water conduct ,grasdisplaced from the recel'itacles 30 t'or recording the caloritic valueof i in terms ot' units under standard conditions. 35 13. A galscalorimeter having in combination. a heat obsorption chamber, means forburning gas in the said cbnn'ibcr, means for passing water through thesaid chamber in heat transferring relation to the products of combustionot' thc lgras, a receptacle for aiding Ieras, means t'or passing gasfrom the said receptacle to the said burning means by replacingc thesaid ,cas with water from thc saut chamber, a second receptacle forholding water, means t'or replacing the waterin said receptacle withtreshaas during the discharge ot' gas 'trom the first receptacle,reversing connections to pass gas he second receptacle to the saidburn-` in;r means by replacing= the gas therein with chamber, means forsimuttaneousty til ing the tiret receptacle withresti gas, and means torindicating the rise in temperature ot the 'water in the said 105chamber. t

14. A' gas calorimeter baring in combina` tion a -hcat absorptionchamber, means for burninggas in thc said chamber, means for passingwater through the said chamber in u heat transtcrrimg relation to theproductsv ot' combustion ot the gas, means for indicating the rise intemgwrature ott thc seid water, a reccptacte `for bottling' gas, meansfor passing Igas troni the said receptacle to the "5 said burningmeans,and means intbc path means t'or compensating for variations` inthe gasfrom standard conditions of tcmperal ure and pressure.

:1 A *ras (allorimeter having;r in combinationl a heat absorptionchamber, means for burning' gas in,4 heat transferring relation to meansfor passing water through the salu chamber quantities pro- 126 portionalto the volume of ,f1-as burned, means or recording' the rise intemperature-ot' the said 'water in ternes ot' the heat valut-'of thcgas, means for Missing gas to the said burnmg means, an means in thepath of the said as for modifying the operation of the" rccoringmeanstoprovida' for variations 5 from standard conditions oftemperature and pressure ,of the saidgas.

16. A method f determining the calorific valueof a gas ,whichcomprisesburnin the @fgas in,.heatf.interchanging' relation v'with aJyolijmagofjliquid proportionate to the volume otgasbnrned, continuouslyfeedin the gastojbelliurned by displacing the -gas rom a con Y er withthe liquid being heated, and 'deterininin and registering therise intemv1l -peratnre'o the liquid dueto the combusftion of the said gasinunits correspondin .to thfenotual heat value of the gas, reduce standardvolume-pressure conditions."`

',7. A'method forV continuously determining-the heat `value of as.comprising burny ,"gsv-infheatgtrans erringrelation to a int 'of Water,utilizing the Water comrom the region of heat transfer to dis-I cejanegual volume of gas to be burned yn'said region oheat transfer,changing the- .point o f ydelivery of 'said'displacing water.- 'fromtime. to timeat the displacement of a- ;*5ro'ximately a given volume ofgas, contro ing the 'course of the flow of gas and water '30 bytheaction of the water in passing to the region of gas displacement, 'andcontinuously determining and registering `t-he 'se lmeans, means forconducting watcr from V ALaramie.-

burning gas i'n the said chamber, two dislacement tanks, means forconducting gas rom the said tanks 4)to the gas burmng o 4 the heatabsorption chamber to'the tanks, means dependent upon the water in thedisplacement tanks for changing the course of flow of Water and gas, andmeans for indicating the ,rise intemperature of the water in the saidchamber. Y

19. A gas-calorimeter having in combination a heat absor tion chamber, agas burner in the said cham er, two movably mounted displacement tanks'for alternately holding water and as, -means for conducting gas from thesai l tanks to the gas burner, means for conducting water from the heatabsorptionchamber to the tanks to displace gas therein, Vvalves in thesaid conducting means for controlling the flow of gas and water toandfrom the tanks, valve operating means controlled'by the water in thesaid tanks to change the course of o'wrof gas and water, and means forindicating-the rise in temper- 30 atu're ofthe Awater in thesaid'chamber.

- In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature. l

ROBERT G. GRIsW'oLn,

